What causes a verruca (plantar wart)?

A verruca, or plantar wart, develops when the human papillomavirus (HPV) enters the skin of the foot through tiny cuts, cracks or weakened areas. The virus thrives in warm, moist environments, which makes the soles of the feet particularly vulnerable, especially in places where people commonly walk barefoot.

Factors that increase the risk of developing a verruca include:

  • Small cuts, cracks or areas of dry skin on the feet that allow the virus to enter
  • Walking barefoot in communal areas such as swimming pools, gyms and changing rooms
  • Excessive sweating of the feet or wearing damp, non-breathable footwear
  • Weakened skin barrier due to dryness or irritation
  • Sharing towels, socks, shoes or footwear with others
  • Reduced immunity, which can make it harder for the body to clear the virus

What are the signs and symptoms of a verruca (plantar wart)?

A verruca, or plantar wart, can vary in appearance, but it often has recognisable features that help distinguish it from other foot lesions. It may begin as a small, painless spot and gradually become more noticeable or uncomfortable as it develops on a weight-bearing area of the foot.

Common signs and symptoms include:

  • Small, firm, grainy growths on the sole of your foot
  • Thickened or hardened skin over the affected area
  • Tiny black dots within the lesion, caused by clotted blood vessels
  • Pain, tenderness or a sharp sensation when pressure is applied
  • Disruption of the normal skin lines on the sole
Mosaic Warts Singapore
Verrucas can present as a single growth or as grouped lesions called mosaic warts.

What happens if a verruca (plantar wart) is left untreated?

A verruca may appear harmless at first, but it can gradually worsen if left untreated. Over time, it may become more painful, harder to treat and more disruptive to daily activities, especially when located on weight-bearing areas of the foot.

Possible complications include:

  • Verruca spreading to the surrounding areas of the foot
  • Verruca increasing in size or developing into multiple lesions
  • Verruca growing inwards due to pressure from walking or standing, which can intensify pain
  • Ongoing discomfort during walking, standing or physical activity
  • Persistent symptoms that interfere with mobility and daily routines

When should you see a podiatrist for a verruca (plantar wart)?

Some verrucas may resolve on their own, but many persist or become painful without appropriate care. Seeing a podiatrist is recommended when a verruca is persistent, begins to affect comfort, mobility, or daily activities. Early assessment also helps reduce the risk of spreading and ensures the most suitable treatment approach.

You should seek podiatry care if you experience/or have:

  • Persistent pain that does not improve
  • Verrucas that are spreading or increasing in number
  • No improvement despite home or over-the-counter treatments after several weeks of use
  • Discomfort when standing, walking or wearing shoes
  • Underlying conditions such as diabetes, circulation problems or reduced sensation in the feet

How is a verruca (plantar wart) diagnosed?

Diagnosis is usually straightforward. A podiatrist will examine the affected area and look for features that distinguish a verruca from other foot conditions, such as corns. Disrupted skin lines, changes in skin texture and the presence of small black dots caused by clotted blood vessels help confirm the diagnosis. In unclear or atypical cases, a small skin scraping may be sent for laboratory testing, although this is rarely necessary.

What treatments are available for a verruca (plantar wart)?

Treatment options for verrucas depend on several factors, including their size, depth, level of discomfort and how long they have been present. At Atlas Podiatry, our podiatrist will assess these factors carefully before recommending the most appropriate treatment.

  • Cryotherapy — cryotherapy uses liquid nitrogen to freeze the verruca. A small blister may form as the affected skin breaks down and sheds. Several sessions are often required to achieve full resolution.
  • Swift® Microwave Therapy — Swift® delivers targeted microwave energy to the affected tissue to stimulate the body’s immune response. 
  • Wart Needling — performed under local anaesthesia, this procedure involves puncturing the verruca multiple times to expose the virus to the immune system from within, helping the body clear persistent or deep lesions.

Each method is performed by a podiatrist, and the most suitable option is selected based on your symptoms and response.

What can you expect after treatment for a verruca (plantar wart)?

After treatment for a verruca, most people notice gradual improvement as the skin heals. Some treatments may cause temporary sensitivity or tenderness, while others allow you to return to normal activities straight away. Your podiatrist will provide clear guidance on aftercare and ways to reduce the risk of recurrence.

You can expect:

  • Mild tenderness or temporary discomfort, depending on the treatment used
  • Clear aftercare instructions to support proper skin healing
  • Advice on footwear, sock choice and foot hygiene
  • Follow-up appointments to monitor healing or check for recurrence

How can you prevent a verruca (plantar wart) from returning?

Verrucas can recur if the virus remains on the skin or in the surrounding environment. Good foot hygiene and simple daily habits can help reduce the risk and protect your feet.

Helpful prevention steps include:

  • Avoiding walking barefoot in communal areas such as swimming pools and gyms
  • Keeping feet clean and dry, especially between the toes
  • Changing socks daily or more often if your feet sweat heavily
  • Disinfecting footwear regularly to reduce moisture and contamination
  • Avoiding shoes, socks or towel sharing
  • Keeping the skin of the feet healthy and free from cracks
  • Attending podiatry review appointments if you have recurrent or persistent verrucas

Summary 

Verrucas, also known as plantar warts, are viral skin growths that develop on the soles of the feet and can become painful or persistent over time. Early podiatry care helps confirm the diagnosis, select the most appropriate treatment and reduce the risk of spread or recurrence. Treatments such as cryotherapy, Swift® Microwave Therapy and wart needling target the virus in different ways to relieve discomfort and support healthy skin recovery. Consistent foot hygiene and simple preventive measures after also play an important role to stay wart-free.

If you are dealing with a painful, stubborn or recurring verruca that is affecting your daily activities, schedule a consultation at Atlas Podiatry for professional assessment and personalised treatment.