What is arthritis and how does it affect the feet?

Arthritis is a condition that causes inflammation and gradual degeneration of the joints. When it affects the feet and ankles, it can interfere with movement, stability and daily comfort. Several forms of arthritis commonly involve the lower limbs, each affecting the joints in different ways.

Common types that affect the feet include:

• Osteoarthritis — age-related wear and tear of joint cartilage in the foot and ankle joints.

• Rheumatoid arthritis — an autoimmune condition that causes inflammation and damage in multiple joints of the feet.

• Gout — a type of inflammatory arthritis where uric acid crystals build up in a joint, often the big toe, causing sudden, severe pain.

These changes can lead to stiffness, swelling and reduced mobility, making everyday activities such as walking or standing more difficult.

What causes arthritis in the foot and ankle?

Arthritis can develop for many reasons and the feet and ankles are especially vulnerable because they bear body weight with every step. Certain factors increase strain on the joints or trigger inflammation, making arthritis more likely to develop or worsen over time.

Common causes include:

• Age-related wear and tear
• Autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis
• Metabolic conditions such as gout 
• Previous injuries or fractures that affect joint alignment
• Joint misalignment, flat feet, or high arches
• Excess body weight placing extra pressure on joints
• Family history or genetic predisposition

What are the signs and symptoms of foot or ankle arthritis?

Arthritis in the feet or ankles can present in several ways, often starting subtly before becoming more noticeable during daily activities. These symptoms may come and go or gradually worsen over time, especially with prolonged standing or walking.

Common signs and symptoms include:

• Joint pain or aching
• Morning stiffness that improves as you move
• Swelling or warmth around the affected joints
• Reduced movement or difficulty walking
• Hard bony enlargements around the joints
• Pain during activity or after periods of rest

What happens if arthritis is left unmanaged?

When arthritis in the feet or ankles is not managed early, the symptoms often in progress and begin to interfere more heavily with daily movement. The joints may become increasingly stiff and painful, making routine activities more challenging over time.

Possible consequences include:

• Worsening joint stiffness
• Increased swelling and persistent pain
• Joint deformity as structures wear down
• Difficulty walking or standing for long periods
• Limited daily activity due to discomfort
• Higher risk of falls or secondary problems from altered gait

Early podiatry care helps protect joint health, relieve pain and slow further deterioration.

When should you see a podiatrist for arthritis pain?

Arthritis-related discomfort may improve temporarily with rest, but ongoing or worsening symptoms often signal that the joints need professional care. A podiatrist can assess the affected areas, identify contributing factors and recommend treatments that help protect and support the joints.

You should seek podiatry care if you have:

• Persistent or worsening foot or ankle pain
• Pain that limits daily movement or activities
• Difficulty standing or walking long distances
• Visible joint changes such as swelling or deformity
• Recurrent swelling around the joints
• Pain that does not improve with home remedies
• Rheumatoid arthritis requiring specialised foot care

How is foot or ankle arthritis diagnosed?

Diagnosis begins with a thorough podiatry assessment of the joints, gait, and overall foot alignment. Our podiatrist will check for stiffness, swelling, inflammation and areas of increased pressure that may be contributing to pain. X-rays or other imaging may be recommended to assess joint changes or confirm the type of arthritis. Identifying underlying biomechanical issues, such as flat feet or joint instability, helps guide an effective treatment plan.

What treatments are available for foot and ankle arthritis?

Treatment focuses on relieving pain, improving movement and reducing joint strain so the feet and ankles can function more comfortably.

• Custom orthotics / insoles — orthotics are designed to support the feet, correct foot mechanics and reduce stress on arthritic joints, especially during standing and walking.

• Footwear guidance — supportive, cushioned footwear helps absorb shock and reduce painful pressure, making movement easier and more comfortable.

• Padding, offloading & bracing — these devices help redirect pressure away from painful joints, stabilise the foot and improve comfort during daily activities.

• Extracorporeal shockwave therapy — delivery of high-energy sound waves to the affected joints can help to reduce inflammation, reduce joint pain and improve joint function.

• Physical therapy & exercise advice — targeted exercises support joint mobility, strengthen surrounding muscles and help maintain better movement patterns.

• Anti-inflammatory care (co-managed) — when medication is needed, the podiatrist can coordinate with your GP or specialist to ensure safe and effective management.

• Management for rheumatoid arthritis & gout — these types of arthritis require ongoing monitoring and flare-up prevention, with podiatry care helping protect vulnerable joints and maintain mobility.

With a personalised plan combining joint support, footwear advice and biomechanical correction, podiatry plays a key role in improving long-term comfort and quality of movement for people living with arthritis.

What results can you expect after arthritis treatment?

Most patients begin to notice steady improvements as the joints become better supported and the strain on painful areas reduced. With the right combination of podiatry care, footwear changes and daily management, arthritis symptoms often become easier to manage and less disruptive to everyday movement.

You can expect:

• Reduced pain and stiffness
• Improved comfort during daily activities
• Better joint mobility and flexibility
• Enhanced stability and balance
• Practical guidance for protecting the joints day-to-day

How long does arthritis treatment take?

Many patients feel symptom relief within a few weeks, especially with changes that reduce joint pressure. Consistent care and ongoing management offer the best long-term results, helping maintain comfort and prevent flare-ups.

How can you manage arthritis day-to-day?

Daily habits play an important role in keeping arthritis symptoms under control. Small adjustments to footwear, movement and joint care can make walking and standing more comfortable while helping you stay active safely.

Helpful day-to-day strategies include:

• Wear supportive footwear that cushions the joints
• Use orthotics if prescribed to improve alignment and reduce strain
• Maintain joint-friendly activities, such as gentle walking or low-impact exercises
• Avoid prolonged static positions that increases pressure on painful joints
• Balance rest and exercise to avoid chronic fatigue and pain 
• Keep a healthy body weight to reduce load on the feet and ankles
• Apply warm or cold therapy to ease stiffness or swelling

How can you prevent arthritis flare-ups?

Flare-ups can be triggered by increased stress, unsuitable footwear or changes in activity levels. With the right precautions, many episodes can be reduced or avoided.

Ways to prevent flare-ups include:

• Avoid high-impact activities that strain the joints
• Manage stress on the joints with pacing and proper rest
• Replace worn-out shoes to maintain good shock absorption
• Monitor early symptoms and adjust activity when needed
• Be consistent with prescribed medications for arthritis (if any)
• Attend regular podiatry reviews for ongoing support and joint protection

Summary

Arthritis in the feet and ankles can make daily movement increasingly difficult, but with the right support, many symptoms can be managed effectively. Podiatry care focuses on relieving pain, improving joint function and reducing strain through personalised strategies such as orthotics, footwear guidance, therapy and day-to-day management advice. Whether the arthritis is caused by wear and tear, autoimmune conditions or past injuries, early and consistent treatment helps protect joint health and maintain long-term mobility.

If foot or ankle arthritis is affecting your comfort or limiting your activity, schedule a consultation with Atlas Podiatry for professional assessment and tailored arthritis care.